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Home > Issue 3 > Issue 3 (2024)

Summary

Articles

A Five-Year Review of Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in the State of Utah: Lessons Learned by Kristen N. Wong,Melissa McIntyre,Sabina Cook,Kim Hart,Amelia Wilson,Sarah Moldt,Andreas Rohrwasser andRussell J. Butterfield

Biochemical Pattern of Methylmalonyl-CoA Epimerase Deficiency Identified in Newborn Screening: A Case Report by Evelina Maines,Roberto Franceschi,Francesca Rivieri,Giovanni Piccoli,Björn Schulte,Jessica Hoffmann,Andrea Bordugo,Giulia Rodella,Francesca Teofoli,Monica Vincenzi,Massimo Soffiati andMarta Camilot

Impact of Lowering TSH Cut-Off on Neonatal Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism in Minas Gerais, Brazil by Nathalia Teixeira Palla Braga,Jáderson Mateus Vilela Antunes,Enrico Antônio Colosimo,Vera Maria Alves Dias,José Nélio Januário andIvani Novato Silva

CDC’s Laboratory Activities to Support Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy by Francis K. Lee,Christopher Greene,Kristina Mercer,Jennifer Taylor,Golriz Yazdanpanah,Robert Vogt,Rachel Lee,Carla Cuthbert andSuzanne Cordovado

One-Year Pilot Study Results of Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in the Republic of Croatia by Darija Šimić,Ana Šarić,Ana Škaričić,Ivan Lehman,Branka Bunoza,Ivana Rako andKsenija Fumić

Systematic Review of Newborn Screening Programmes for Spinal Muscular Atrophy by Katy Cooper,Gamze Nalbant,Anthea Sutton,Sue Harnan,Praveen Thokala,Jim Chilcott,Alisdair McNeill andAlice Bessey

Discordant Prenatal Cell-Free DNA Screening vs. Diagnostic Results of Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies: Implications for Newborn Screening and Genetic Counseling by Susan Howell,Shanlee M. Davis,Billie Carstens,Mary Haag,Judith L. Ross andNicole R. Tartaglia

Counting Conditions on Newborn Bloodspot Screening Panels in Australia and New Zealand by Natasha Heather,Ronda F. Greaves,Kaustuv Bhattacharya,Lawrence Greed,James Pitt,Carol Wai-Kwan Siu,Mark de Hora,Ricky Price,Enzo Ranieri,Tiffany Wotton andDianne Webster

Evaluation of the Newborn Screening Pilot for Sickle Cell Disease in Suriname Using the Non-Adoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) Framework by Ming-Jan Tang,Jimmy Roosblad,John Codrington,Marjolein Peters,Aartie Toekoen,Patrick F. van Rheenen andAmadu Juliana

Exploring the Cost-Effectiveness of Newborn Screening for Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) in the UK by Karen Bean,Simon A. Jones,Anupam Chakrapani,Suresh Vijay,Teresa Wu,Heather Church,Charlotte Chanson,Andrew Olaye,Beckley Miller,Ivar Jensen andFrancis Pang

Charting the Course: Towards a Comprehensive Newborn Screening Program in India by Seema Kapoor,Amit Kumar Gupta andB. K. Thelma

The Multi-Omic Approach to Newborn Screening: Opportunities and Challenges by Alex J. Ashenden,Ayesha Chowdhury,Lucy T. Anastasi,Khoa Lam,Tomas Rozek,Enzo Ranieri,Carol Wai-Kwan Siu,Jovanka King,Emilie Mas andKarin S. Kassahn

Age-Related Blood Levels of Creatine Kinase-MM in Newborns and Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Considerations for the Development of Newborn Screening Algorithms

The Benefit of Detecting Reduced Intracellular B12 Activity through Newborn Screening Remains Unclear by Stella Knöpfli,Bernadette Goeschl,Maximilian Zeyda,Anna Baghdasaryan,Margot Baumgartner-Kaut,Matthias R. Baumgartner,Marion Herle,Julian Margreitter,Martin Poms,Saskia B. Wortmann,Vassiliki Konstantopoulou andMartina Huemer

Current Status of Newborn Bloodspot Screening Worldwide 2024: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Activities (2020–2023) by Bradford L. Therrell,Carmencita D. Padilla,Gustavo J. C. Borrajo,Issam Khneisser,Peter C. J. I. Schielen,Jennifer Knight-Madden,Helen L. Malherbe andMarika Kase

Defining the Minimal Long-Term Follow-Up Data Elements for Newborn Screening by Yvonne Kellar-Guenther,Lauren Barringer,Katherine Raboin,Ginger Nichols,Kathy Y. F. Chou,Kathy Nguyen,Amy R. Burke,Sandy Fawbush,Joyal B. Meyer,Morna Dorsey,Amy Brower,Kee Chan,Mei Lietsch,Jennifer Taylor,Michele Caggana andMarci K. Sontag

Economic Rationality in Decision-Making Regarding Newborn Screening: A Case Study in Quebec by Van Hoa Ho,Yves Giguère andDaniel Reinharz

Evaluation of the First Three Years of Treatment of Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism Identified through the Alberta Newborn Screening Program by Iveta Sosova,Alyssa Archibald,Erik W. Rosolowsky,Sarah Rathwell,Susan Christian andElizabeth T. Rosolowsky

Long-Term Follow-Up Cares and Check Initiative: A Program to Advance Long-Term Follow-Up in Newborns Identified with a Disease through Newborn Screening by Mei Lietsch,Kee Chan,Jennifer Taylor,Bo Hoon Lee,Emma Ciafaloni,Jennifer M. Kwon,Megan A. Waldrop,Russell J. Butterfield,Geetanjali Rathore,Aravindhan Veerapandiyan,Arya Kapil,Julie A. Parsons,Melissa Gibbons andAmy Brower

An Opportunity to Fill a Gap for Newborn Screening of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Assessing the Benefits and Harms Associated with Early Diagnosis from the Perspective of Parents with Multiple Children Diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

International Perspectives of Extended Genetic Sequencing When Used as Part of Newborn Screening to Identify Cystic Fibrosis by Corinna C. A. Clark,Pru Holder,Felicity K. Boardman,Louise Moody,Jacqui Cowlard,Lorna Allen,Claire Walter,James R. Bonham andJane Chudleigh

Newborn Screening Today and Tomorrow: A Brief Report from the International Primary Immunodeficiencies Congress by Leire Solis,Samya Van Coillie,James R. Bonham,Fabian Hauck,Lennart Hammarström,Frank J. T. Staal,Bruce Lim,Martine Pergent andJohan Prévot

Management and Outcomes of Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (VLCAD Deficiency): A Retrospective Chart Review by Maria Al Bandari,Laura Nagy,Vivian Cruz,Stacy Hewson,Alomgir Hossain andMichal Inbar-Feigenberg

Newborn Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Next-Generation Sequencing Combined with Tandem Mass Spectrometry by Chengfang Tang,Lixin Li,Ting Chen,Yulin Li,Bo Zhu,Yinhong Zhang,Yifan Yin,Xiulian Liu,Cidan Huang,Jingkun Miao,Baosheng Zhu,Xiaohua Wang,Hui Zou,Lianshu Han,Jizhen Feng andYonglan Huang

Advancing Newborn Screening Long-Term Follow-Up: Integration of Epic-Based Registries, Dashboards, and Efficient Workflows by Katherine Raboin,Debra Ellis,Ginger Nichols,Marcia Hughes,Michael Brimacombe andKaren Rubin

Postponement of the Newborn Hearing Screening during the COVID-19 Pandemic; Parental Experiences and Worries by Rosanne B. van der Zee,Sanne L. Peet,Noëlle N. Uilenburg,Hedwig J. A. van Bakel andEvelien Dirks

Portuguese Neonatal Screening Program: A Cohort Study of 18 Years Using MS/MS by Maria Miguel Gonçalves,Ana Marcão,Carmen Sousa,Célia Nogueira,Helena Fonseca,Hugo Rocha andLaura Vilarinho

Retrospective Review of Positive Newborn Screening Results for Isovaleric Acidemia and Development of a Strategy to Improve the Efficacy of Newborn Screening in the UK by Rachel S. Carling,Katy Hedgethorne,Anupam Chakrapani,Patricia L. Hall,Nick Flynn,Toby Greenfield,Stuart J. Moat,Joshua Ssali,Lynette Shakespeare,Nazia Taj,Teresa H. Y. Wu,Mark Anderson,Arunabha Ghosh,Hugh Lemonde,Germaine Pierre,Mark Sharrard,Sreevidya Sreekantam andJames R. Bonham

Expanded Newborn Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Hong Kong: Results and Outcome of a 7 Year Journey by Kiran Moti Belaramani,Toby Chun Hei Chan,Edgar Wai Lok Hau,Matthew Chun Wing Yeung,Anne Mei Kwun Kwok,Ivan Fai Man Lo,Terry Hiu Fung Law,Helen Wu,Sheila Suet Na Wong,Shirley Wai Lam,Gladys Ha Yin Ha,Toby Pui Yee Lau,Tsz Ki Wong,Venus Wai Ching Or,Rosanna Ming Sum Wong,Wong Lap Ming,Jasmine Chi Kwan Chow,Eric Kin Cheong Yau,Antony Fu,Josephine Shuk Ching Chong,add Show full author list

Current Methods of Newborn Screening Follow-Up for Sickle Cell Disease Are Highly Variable and without Quality Assurance: Results from the ENHANCE Study by Najibah Galadanci,Shannon Phillips,Alyssa Schlenz,Nataliya Ivankova andJulie Kanter

Iowa Newborn Screening Program Experience with Hemoglobinopathy Screening over the Last Two Decades and Its Increasing Global Relevance by Ryan Jilek,Jennifer Marcy,Carol Johnson,Georgianne Younger,Amy Calhoun andMoon Ley Tung

Future of Dutch NGS-Based Newborn Screening: Exploring the Technical Possibilities and Assessment of a Variant Classification Strategy by Gea Kiewiet,Dineke Westra,Eddy N. de Boer,Emma van Berkel,Tom G. J. Hofste,Martine van Zweeden,Ronny C. Derks,Nico F. A. Leijsten,Martina H. A. Ruiterkamp-Versteeg,Bart Charbon,Lennart Johansson,Janneke Bos-Kruizinga,Inge J. Veenstra,Monique G. M. de Sain-van der Velden,Els Voorhoeve,M. Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema,Francjan van Spronsen,Birgit Sikkema-Raddatz andMarcel Nelen

Harnessing Next-Generation Sequencing as a Timely and Accurate Second-Tier Screening Test for Newborn Screening of Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Toby Chun Hei Chan,Chloe Miu Mak,Matthew Chun Wing Yeung,Eric Chun-Yiu Law,Jana Cheung,Tsz Ki Wong,Vincent Wing-Sang Cheng,Jacky Kwan Ho Lee,Jimmy Chi Lap Wong,Cheuk Wing Fung,Kiran Moti Belaramani,Anne Mei Kwun Kwok andKwok Yeung Tsang

Psychosocial Impact of a True-Positive, False-Positive, or Inconclusive Newborn Bloodspot Screening Result: A Questionnaire Study among Parents by Lieke M. van den Heuvel,Sylvia M. van der Pal,Rendelien K. Verschoof-Puite,Jasmijn E. Klapwijk,Ellen Elsinghorst,Eugènie Dekkers,Catharina P. B. van der Ploeg andLidewij Henneman

by Gwendolyn Gramer,Saskia B. Wortmann,Junmin Fang-Hoffmann,Dirk Kohlmüller,Jürgen G. Okun,Holger Prokisch,Thomas Meitinger andGeorg F. Hoffmann

History of Neonatal Screening of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Portugal by Maria José Costeira,Patrício Costa,Susana Roque,Ivone Carvalho,Laura Vilarinho andJoana Almeida Palha

Using the C14:1/Medium-Chain Acylcarnitine Ratio Instead of C14:1 to Reduce False-Positive Results for Very-Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Newborn Screening in Japan by Go Tajima,Junko Aisaki,Keiichi Hara,Miyuki Tsumura,Reiko Kagawa,Fumiaki Sakura,Hideo Sasai,Miori Yuasa,Yosuke Shigematsu andSatoshi Okada

Psychological Impact of Presymptomatic X-Linked ALD Diagnosis and Surveillance: A Small Qualitative Study of Patient and Parent Experiences by Cecilie S. Videbæk,Sabine W. Grønborg,Allan M. Lund andMette L. Olesen

Incidence of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Endocrine Disorders Among 40965 Newborn Infants at Riyadh Second Health Cluster of the Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia by Abdullah S. Alshehri,Abdul A. Peer-Zada,Abeer A. Algadhi,Abdulwahed Aldehaimi,Mohammed A. Saleh,Aziza M. Mushiba,Eissa A. Faqeih andAli M. AlAsmari

A Systematic Literature Review on the Global Status of Newborn Screening for Mucopolysaccharidosis II by Olulade Ayodele,Daniel Fertek,Obaro Evuarherhe,Csaba Siffel,Jennifer Audi,Karen S. Yee andBarbara K. Burton

The Value of Reducing Inconclusive and False-Positive Newborn Screening Results for Congenital Hypothyroidism, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Maple Syrup Urine Disease in The Netherlands by Rosalie C. Martens,Anita Boelen,Michèle H. van der Kemp,Annet M. Bosch,Eveline M. Berghout,Gert Weijman,Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala,Rendelien K. Verschoof-Puite,Robert de Jonge,Sabine E. Hannema,Judith E. Bosmans andAnnemieke C. Heijboer

Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease in Catalonia between 2015 and 2022—Epidemiology and Impact on Clinical Events by José Manuel González de Aledo-Castillo,Ana Argudo-Ramírez,David Beneitez-Pastor,Anna Collado-Gimbert,Francisco Almazán Castro,Sílvia Roig-Bosch,Anna Andrés-Masó,Anna Ruiz-Llobet,Georgina Pedrals-Portabella,David Medina-Santamaria,Gemma Nadal-Rey,Marina Espigares-Salvia,Maria Teresa Coll-Sibina,Marcelina Algar-Serrano,Montserrat Torrent-Español,Pilar Leoz-Allegretti,Anabel Rodríguez-Pebé,Marta García-Bernal,Elisabet Solà-Segura,Amparo García-Gallego,add Show full author list

Prevalence and Mutation Analysis of Short-Chain acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency Detected by Newborn Screening in Hefei, China by Haili Hu,Qingqing Ma,Weidong Li,Yan Wang,Wangsheng Song andYong Huang

A Novel Newborn Screening Program for Sickle Cell Disease in Nigeria by Aisha A. Galadanci,Umma A. Ibrahim,Yvonne Carroll,Yusuf D. Jobbi,Zubaida L. Farouk,Aisha Mukaddas,Nafiu Hussaini,Bilya Sani Musa,Lauren J. Klein andMichael R. DeBaun

Charting the Ethical Frontier in Newborn Screening Research: Insights from the NBSTRN ELSI Researcher Needs Survey by Yekaterina Unnikumaran,Mei Lietsch andAmy Brower

Managing Newborn Screening Repeat Collections for Sick and Preterm Neonates by Ronda F. Greaves,Jo-Ann Northfield,Lauren Cross,Nazha Mawad,Thanh Nguyen,Maggie Tan,Michele A. O’Connell andJames Pitt

Wilson and Jungner Revisited: Are Screening Criteria Fit for the 21st Century? by Elena Schnabel-Besson,Ulrike Mütze,Nicola Dikow,Friederike Hörster,Marina A. Morath,Karla Alex,Heiko Brennenstuhl,Sascha Settegast,Jürgen G. Okun,Christian P. Schaaf,Eva C. Winkler andStefan Kölker

A Qualitative Study on Engaged Families’ Experiences with Long-Term Follow-Up Care in the Colorado/Wyoming Newborn Screening System by Stacey Quesada,Lauren Barringer,Marci K. Sontag andYvonne Kellar-Guenther

Consistency in the Assessment of Dried Blood Spot Specimen Size and Quality in U.K. Newborn Screening Laboratories by Stuart J. Moat,James R. Bonham,Christine Cavanagh,Margaret Birch,Caroline Griffith,Lynette Shakespeare,Clare Le Masurier,Claire Manfredonia,Beverly Hird,Philippa Goddard,Sarah Smith,Laura Wainwright,Rachel S. Carling,Jennifer Cundick,Fiona Jenkinson,Catherine Collingwood,Nick Flynn,Nazia Taj,Mehdi Mirzazadeh,Tejswurree Ramgoolam,add Show full author list

Clinical, Biochemical, and Molecular Characteristics of Filipino Patients with Tyrosinemia Type 1 by Barbra Charina V. Cavan,Leniza G. de Castro-Hamoy,Conchita G. Abarquez,Ebner Bon G. Maceda andMaria Melanie Liberty B. Alcausin

Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Variations in Practice and Early Management of Infants with Spinal Muscular Atrophy in the United States by Craig M. Zaidman,Cameron D. Crockett,Ethan Wedge,Grace Tabatabai andNatalie Goedeker

Systematic Review of Presymptomatic Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy by Katy Cooper,Gamze Nalbant,Anthea Sutton,Sue Harnan,Praveen Thokala,Jim Chilcott,Alisdair McNeill andAlice Bessey

Continuity of Operations in Newborn Screening: Lessons Learned from Three Incidents by M. Christine Dorley,Elizabeth Bair,Patricia Ryland,Amanda D. Ingram,Emily Reeves,Kara J. Levinson,Ona O. Adair,Jenny F. Meredith andSusanne Crowe

Four new nodulose-spored species of Inocybe (Agaricales) from West Africa H.L. Aïgnon, S. Jabeen, A. Verbeken, P.B. Matheny, N.S. Yorou, M. Ryberg. FUSE volume 10: 1-18

Penicillium poederi and P. tirolense, two new species of section Torulomyces M. Kirchmair, J. Embacher, D. Heimdörfer, G. Walch, S. Neuhauser. FUSE volume 10: 91-101

Globisporangium coniferarum sp. nov., associated with conifers and Quercus spp. F. Salmaninezhad, F. Aloi, A. Pane, R. Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, S.O. Cacciola. FUSE volume 10: 127-137

Unravelling the fungal darkness in a tropical cave: richness and the description of one new genus and six new species V.C.S. Alves, R.A. Lira, J.M.S. Lima, R.N. Barbosa, D.M. Bento, E. Barbier, E. Bernard, C.M. Souza-Motta, J.D.P. Bezerra. FUSE volume 10: 139-167

Miracula blauvikensis: a new species of Miracula from Iceland, and report of a co-cultivation system for studying oomycete-diatom interactions A. Buaya, M. Thines

Fusarium diversity associated with the Sorghum-Striga interaction in Ethiopia L. Lombard, R. van Doorn, J.Z. Groenewald, T. Tessema, E.E. Kuramae D.W. Etolo J.M. Raaijmakers, P.W

Spirodecosporaceae fam. nov. (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) and two new species of Spirodecospora R. Sugita, K. Hirayama, T. Shirouzu, K. Tanaka. FUSE volume 10: 217-229

Two new species of Phaeohelotium (Leotiomycetes: Helotiaceae) from Chile and their putative ectomycorrhizal status A.C. Grupe II, M.E. Smith, A. Weier, R. Healy, M.V. Caiafa, D.H. Pfister, D. Haelewaters, C.A. Quandt.

Cylindromonium dirinariae sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Hypocreales), a new nectrioid lichenicolous species on Dirinaria applanata in Japan A. Ohmaki, I. Okane, P.W. Crous, G.J.M. Verkley.

New records and barcode sequence data of wood-inhabiting polypores in Benin with notes on their phylogenetic placements and distribution B.A. Olou, E. Langer, L. Ryvarden, F.-S. Krah, G.B. Hounwanou, M. Piepenbring, N.S. Yorou.

Phyllosticta rizhaoensis sp. nov. causing leaf blight of Ophiopogon japonicus in China C.-B. Wang, T.-T. Wang, C.-Y. Ma, H. Xue, Y. Li, C.-G. Piao, N. Jiang.

Two novel endophytic Tolypocladium species identified from native pines in south Florida J.M. Soares, E. Karlsen-Ayala, C.A. Salvador-Montoya, R. Gazis.

Hydnum atlanticum, a new species from Eastern North America A. Justo, A.W. Hood, R.A. Swenie, P.B. Matheny. FUSE volume 11: 63-70

Additions to the knowledge of the genus Helvella in Europe. New records and de novo description of five species from the Nordic region I. Skrede, S.B. Løken, C. Mathiesen, T. Schumacher

Freshwater ascomycetes from southern Australia: Melanascomaceae fam. nov., Melanascoma panespora gen. et. sp. nov., and Pleurothecium brunius sp. nov. S.C. Fryar, D.E.A. Catcheside.

Adding a missing piece to the puzzle of oomycete phylogeny: the placement of Rhipidium interruptum (Rhipidiaceae) I. Tsai, M. Thines.

Melanodevriesia, a new genus of endolichenic oleaginous black yeast recovered from the Inner Mongolia Region of China R. Chang, W. Cao, Y. Wang, S. Li, X. Li, T. Bose, H.L. Si

Neohygrocybe pseudoingrata, a new grassland species from Slovakia and the Czech Republic RF. Fuljer, M. Zajac, D. Boertmann, D. Szabóová, I. Kautmanovái.

Paraphoma garibaldii sp. nov. causing leaf spot disease of Campanula rapunculoides in Italy V. Guarnaccia, I. Martino, G. Tabone, P.W. Crous, M.L. Gullino.

Dendrodacrys: a new genus for species with branched hyphidia in Dacrymyces s.l., with the description of four new species J.C. Zamora, A. Savchenko, Á. González-Cruz, F. Prieto-García, I. Olariaga, S. Ekman

Peronosporaceae species causing downy mildew diseases of Poaceae, including nomenclature revisions and diagnostic resources J.A. Crouch, W.J. Davis, N. Shishkoff, V.L. Castroagudín, F. Martin, R. Michelmore, M. Thines.

Contributions to the revision of the genus Entoloma (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Europe: six new species from subgenus Cyanula and typification of E. incarnatofuscescens M.E. Noordeloos, J. Vila, J.B. Jordal, T. Kehlet, T.E. Brandrud, E. Bendiksen, P.-A. Moreau, M. Dondl, J. Lorås, E. Larsson, B. Dima.

Mammalian mycophagy: A global review of ecosystem interactions between mammals and fungi T.F. Elliott, C. Truong, S.M. Jackson, C.L. Zúñiga, J.M. Trappe, K. Vernes. FUSE volume 9: 99-159

A study of tourism awareness among undergraduate students at the University of Jordan

A study of tourism awareness among undergraduate students at the University of Jordan

A study of tourism awareness among undergraduate students at the University of Jordan Table 8 shows that the t-test value was not statistically significant at less than or equal to the significance level (α≤0.05), which leads to the acceptance of the hypothesis that states that there are no statistically significant differences in the means of recognising tourist sites in Jordan due to the nationality variable: There are no statistically significant differences in the means of recognising tourist sites in Jordan due to the nationality variable at a significance level of α≤0.05. Second main study hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences in the potential negative effects of tourism in Jordan due to personal variables at a significance level (α≤0.05). First sub-hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences in the potential negative effects of tourism in Jordan due to gender at the level of significance (α≤0.05). To test this hypothesis, the t-test was used for independent samples, see Table (9). Table (9): T-test for independent samples for the effect of nationality Gender Number Mean Standard Deviation T Significance Level Male 344 4.12 1.009 0.539 0.614* Female 78 4.33 1.981 Source: Researcher's work, relying on SPSS software It can be seen from Table (9) that the value of (t) was not statistically significant at a significance level less than or equal to (α≤0.05), which leads to the acceptance of the hypothesis that states that there are no statistically significant differences in the potential negative impacts of tourism in Jordan due to gender: There are no statistically significant differences in the potential negative effects of tourism in Jordan attributed to the gender variable at the significance level (α≤0.05). The second sub-hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences in the potential negative impacts of tourism in Jordan due to the gender variable at a significance level (α≤0.05). To test this hypothesis, the t-test was used for independent samples, see Table (10).   Table (10): T-test for independent samples for the effect of nationality Nationality Number Mean Standard Deviation T Significance Level Jordanian 59 2.10 2.22 0.577 1.6* Non-Jordanian 363 1.207 1.181 Source: The researcher's work, based on the SPSS software. It is noted from Table (9) that the (t) value was not statistically significant at a significance level of less than or equal to (α≤0.05), leading to the acceptance of the hypothesis which states that: there are no statistically significant differences in the potential negative impacts of tourism in Jordan attributed to the nationality variable at a significance level of (α≤0.05). Conclusions One of the most important findings of this study is as follows: 1.There are no statistically significant differences in the means of identifying tourist sites in Jordan at a significance level (α≤0.05) attributed to the variables of gender and nationality. 2. The study indicated that the most important means of identifying tourist sites in Jordan are university curricula and programs that are sufficient to raise tourism awareness among students in Jordanian universities. the study highlighted that sufficient university curricula are the primary means of recognizing tourist sites in Jordan are sufficient university curricula and courses to spread tourism awareness among students in Jordanian universities. 3. The results showed that regarding the importance of tourism in Jordan from the perspective of university students, tourism awareness contributes to spreading culture and increasing international understanding. The results showed that regarding the importance of tourism in Jordan from the perspective of university students, tourism awareness contributes to spreading culture and increasing international understanding. 4. The study indicated that the potential negative impacts of tourism in Jordan include a cultural and tourism gap among many young people. The study indicated that the potential negative impacts of tourism in Jordan include a cultural and tourism gap among many young people. 5. The results indicated that the role played by the tourism authorities in Jordan involves the Ministry of Tourism facilitating financial support to raise tourism awareness among university students. Recommendations: Based on the aforementioned results, the study recommends the following: 1. The necessity of cooperation between the public and private sectors to develop tourist sites in Jordan. 2. Cooperation between the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and other ministries to promote tourism awareness. 3. Introducing mandatory curricula for students at the University of Jordan that cover tourism, tourism awareness, and the most important tourist sites in Jordan. 4. Working on employing modern technologies and social media at the university to enhance tourism awareness. 5. Directing university activities to serve and develop tourism awareness among students.   References list - Ibrahim, Sabah & Shuja, Asma (2022) Developing Tourism Awareness among Youth and Children in Basic Education Stages, Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Sadat City University, Issue (1), Volume (6), pp. 51-64. - Bouabid, Sara (2022) The Role of Educational Corners in Developing Tourism Awareness Among Kindergarten Children from the Perspective of Teachers, The Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing, Vol. (3), No. (20), pp. 2663-5798. - Al-Dosari, Afrah (2023) The Effectiveness of a Multimedia-Based Awareness Program in Developing Tourism Awareness Among Second Grade Primary School Students, Unpublished Master's Thesis, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. - Al-Ajlouni, Abdullah (2016) The Development of Tourism in Jordan: A Study of Tourism Awareness Among Students of Private Jordanian Universities, Case Study of Irbid National University and Jadara University, Journal of the Academy for Social and Human Studies, Issue (15), Volume (1), pp. 48-63. - Al-Azazi, Tarek (2022) The Role of the University in Developing Tourism Awareness Among Its Students: A Case Study of Suez Canal University, International Journal of Heritage, Tourism, and Hospitality, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 376-414. - Lotifa Baqouma & Warda Mahjoubi (2018) The Role of Media in Developing Tourism Awareness: The Algerian Tourist Newspaper as a Model, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Algeria. - Al-Maamari, Saif & Al-Hadabiya, Ruqayyah (2022) The Level of Sustainable Tourism Awareness Among Ninth Grade Female Students at Al-Rumaith School for Basic Education, Sultan Qaboos University Journal, Issue (1), Volume (1), pp. 23-41. - World Travel and Tourism Council, 2011. - Shambling, D., Sihombing, M., Lubis, S., and Tarmizi, H. 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